Politecnico di Milano is a public technical university in Italy. Its history pages date its origins to 29 November 1863, when Francesco Brioschi inaugurated the Istituto Tecnico Superiore, described as the first Politecnico in Italy. The university reports 48,383 students, of whom 8,802 are international, and 1,812 full professors. Teaching covers engineering, architecture and design, with 44 Laurea Magistrale programmes taught in English.

University College Dublin states that it was established in 1854 by John Henry Newman and that 41,089 students are enrolled, including 12,219 international students on the main campus, drawn from 163 nationalities. The university also reports 2,141 academic and 2,379 support staff on a full-time-equivalent basis and an annual turnover of EUR 848 million. Non-EU students pay separate programme fees.

The University of Porto is a public university in Porto, Portugal, organised into 14 faculties plus a business school. Its own Facts and Figures page states over 35,800 registered students and 315 degree-awarding courses, with about 14% of the student body international. The university says most teaching is in Portuguese, although an increasing number of courses are taught partly or entirely in English.